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Scientific References

Electrode positions on emgguide.de are based on the official SENIAM recommendations (Hermens et al. 2000) for 26 muscles plus peer-reviewed literature for 10 additional muscles not covered by the SENIAM catalogue. This totals 120 muscles (bilateral). For the remaining 24 muscles without specific publication, placement is based on anatomical landmarks and established clinical practice.

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/trapeziusdescendens.html
Applied to (1):
M. Trapezius Pars Descendens

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/trapeziustransversalis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Trapezius Pars Transversa

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/trapeziusascendens.html
Applied to (1):
M. Trapezius Pars Ascendens

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/deltoideusanterior.html
Applied to (1):
M. Deltoideus Pars Clavicularis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/deltoideusmedius.html
Applied to (1):
M. Deltoideus Pars Acromialis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/deltoideusposterior.html
Applied to (1):
M. Deltoideus Pars Spinalis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/bicepsbrachii.html
Applied to (1):
M. Biceps Brachii

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/tricepsbrachiilateralhead.html
Applied to (1):
M. Triceps Brachii Caput Laterale

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/tricepsbrachiilonghead.html
Applied to (1):
M. Triceps Brachii Caput Longum

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/erectorspinaeiliocostalis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Iliocostalis Lumborum

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/erectorspinaelongissimus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Longissimus Thoracis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/multifidus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Multifidus

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/gluteusmaximus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Gluteus Maximus

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/gluteusmedius.html
Applied to (1):
M. Gluteus Medius

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/tensorfasciaelatae.html
Applied to (1):
M. Tensor Fasciae Latae

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/quadricepsfemorisrectusfemoris.html
Applied to (1):
M. Rectus Femoris

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/quadricepsfemorisvastuslateralis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Vastus Lateralis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/quadricepsfemorisvastusmedialis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Vastus Medialis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/bicepsfemoris.html
Applied to (1):
M. Biceps Femoris Caput Longum

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/semitendinosus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Semitendinosus

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/gastrocnemiusmedialis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Gastrocnemius Caput Mediale

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/gastrocnemiuslateralis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Gastrocnemius Caput Laterale

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/soleus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Soleus

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/tibialisanterior.html
Applied to (1):
M. Tibialis Anterior

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/peroneuslongus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Fibularis Longus

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/peroneusbrevis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Fibularis Brevis

Boettcher et al. 2008

ADAPTED

Boettcher CE, Ginn KA, Cathers I. Standard maximum isometric voluntary contraction tests for normalizing shoulder muscle EMG. J Orthop Res. 2008;26(12):1591-1597.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18991353/
Applied to (1):
M. Latissimus Dorsi

Ekstrom et al. 2003

ADAPTED

Ekstrom RA, Donatelli RA, Soderberg GL. Surface electromyographic analysis of exercises for the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33(5):247-258.

https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.5.247
Applied to (1):
M. Serratus Anterior

Falla et al. 2002

ADAPTED

Falla D, Dall'Alba P, Rainoldi A, Merletti R, Jull G. Location of innervation zones of sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles - a basis for clinical and research electromyography applications. Clin Neurophysiol. 2002;113(1):57-63.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11801425/
Applied to (3):
M. Sternocleidomastoideus · M. Splenius Capitis · M. Scalenus Medius

Król et al. 2007

ADAPTED

Król H, Sobota G, Nawrat A. Effect of electrode position on EMG recording in pectoralis major. J Hum Kinet. 2007;17:105-112.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234002036
Applied to (3):
M. Pectoralis Major Pars Clavicularis · M. Pectoralis Major Pars Sternocostalis · M. Pectoralis Major Pars Abdominalis

Ng et al. 1998

ADAPTED

Ng JK-F, Kippers V, Richardson CA. Muscle fibre orientation of abdominal muscles and suggested surface EMG electrode positions. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1998;38(1):51-58.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9532434/
Applied to (2):
M. Rectus Abdominis · M. Obliquus Externus Abdominis