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Scientific References

Electrode positions on emgguide.de are based on the official SENIAM recommendations (Hermens et al. 2000) for 26 muscle pairs, plus peer-reviewed literature for 16 further pairs not covered by the SENIAM catalogue. For the remaining 12 pairs without a specific publication, placement follows anatomical landmarks and established clinical practice. Together that is 54 muscle pairs, or 108 muscles counting left and right.

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/trapeziusdescendens.html
Applied to (1):
M. Trapezius Pars Descendens

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/trapeziustransversalis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Trapezius Pars Transversa

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/trapeziusascendens.html
Applied to (1):
M. Trapezius Pars Ascendens

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/deltoideusanterior.html
Applied to (1):
M. Deltoideus Pars Clavicularis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/deltoideusmedius.html
Applied to (1):
M. Deltoideus Pars Acromialis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/deltoideusposterior.html
Applied to (1):
M. Deltoideus Pars Spinalis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/bicepsbrachii.html
Applied to (1):
M. Biceps Brachii

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/tricepsbrachiilateralhead.html
Applied to (1):
M. Triceps Brachii Caput Laterale

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/tricepsbrachiilonghead.html
Applied to (1):
M. Triceps Brachii Caput Longum

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/erectorspinaeiliocostalis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Iliocostalis Lumborum

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/erectorspinaelongissimus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Longissimus Thoracis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/multifidus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Multifidus

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/gluteusmaximus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Gluteus Maximus

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/gluteusmedius.html
Applied to (1):
M. Gluteus Medius

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/tensorfasciaelatae.html
Applied to (1):
M. Tensor Fasciae Latae

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/quadricepsfemorisrectusfemoris.html
Applied to (1):
M. Rectus Femoris

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/quadricepsfemorisvastuslateralis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Vastus Lateralis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/quadricepsfemorisvastusmedialis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Vastus Medialis

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/bicepsfemoris.html
Applied to (1):
M. Biceps Femoris Caput Longum

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/semitendinosus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Semitendinosus

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/gastrocnemiusmedialis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Gastrocnemius Caput Mediale

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/gastrocnemiuslateralis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Gastrocnemius Caput Laterale

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/soleus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Soleus

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/tibialisanterior.html
Applied to (1):
M. Tibialis Anterior

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/peroneuslongus.html
Applied to (1):
M. Fibularis Longus

SENIAM (Hermens 2000)

SENIAM

Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74.

http://seniam.org/peroneusbrevis.html
Applied to (1):
M. Fibularis Brevis

Boettcher et al. 2008

ADAPTED

Boettcher CE, Ginn KA, Cathers I. Standard maximum isometric voluntary contraction tests for normalizing shoulder muscle EMG. J Orthop Res. 2008;26(12):1591-1597.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.20675
Applied to (1):
M. Infraspinatus

Boettcher et al. 2008

ADAPTED

Boettcher CE, Ginn KA, Cathers I. Standard maximum isometric voluntary contraction tests for normalizing shoulder muscle EMG. J Orthop Res. 2008;26(12):1591-1597.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18528827/
Applied to (1):
M. Latissimus Dorsi

Date et al. 2021

ADAPTED

Date S, Kurumadani H, Nakashima Y, Ishii Y, Ueda A, Kurauchi K, Sunagawa T. Brachialis muscle activity can be measured with surface electromyography: a comparative study using surface and fine-wire electrodes. Front Physiol. 2021;12:809422.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.809422
Applied to (1):
M. Brachialis

Donnelly et al. 2025

ADAPTED

Donnelly T, Routledge N, Seminati E, Metcalfe B. A method for locating surface electromyography electrodes on the flexor carpi ulnaris. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2025;82:103010.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2025.103010
Applied to (1):
M. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Ekstrom et al. 2003

ADAPTED

Ekstrom RA, Donatelli RA, Soderberg GL. Surface electromyographic analysis of exercises for the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33(5):247-258.

https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.5.247
Applied to (1):
M. Serratus Anterior

Elsais et al. 2020

ADAPTED

Elsais WM, Preece SJ, Jones RK, Herrington L. Could relative movement between the adductor muscles and the skin invalidate surface electromyography measurement? Monten J Sports Sci Med. 2020;9(2):21-26.

https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.200904
Applied to (1):
M. Adductor Magnus

Falla et al. 2002

ADAPTED

Falla D, Dall'Alba P, Rainoldi A, Merletti R, Jull G. Location of innervation zones of sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles - a basis for clinical and research electromyography applications. Clin Neurophysiol. 2002;113(1):57-63.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11801425/
Applied to (1):
M. Sternocleidomastoideus

Farina et al. 2015

ADAPTED

Farina D, Kallenberg LA, Holobar A. Extracting extensor digitorum communis activation patterns using high-density surface electromyography. Front Physiol. 2015;6:279.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00279
Applied to (1):
M. Extensor Digitorum

Green et al. 2015

ADAPTED

Green LA, McGuire J, Gabriel DA. Flexor carpi radialis surface electromyography electrode placement for evoked and voluntary measures. Muscle Nerve. 2015;52(5):818-25.

https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.24631
Applied to (1):
M. Flexor Carpi Radialis

Król et al. 2007

ADAPTED

Król H, Sobota G, Nawrat A. Effect of electrode position on EMG recording in pectoralis major. J Hum Kinet. 2007;17:105-112.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234002036
Applied to (3):
M. Pectoralis Major Pars Clavicularis · M. Pectoralis Major Pars Sternocostalis · M. Pectoralis Major Pars Abdominalis

Merlo et al. 2021

ADAPTED

Merlo A, Bo MC, Campanini I. Electrode Size and Placement for Surface EMG Bipolar Detection from the Brachioradialis Muscle: A Scoping Review. Sensors (Basel). 2021;21(21):7322.

https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217322
Applied to (1):
M. Brachioradialis

Ng et al. 1998

ADAPTED

Ng JK-F, Kippers V, Richardson CA. Muscle fibre orientation of abdominal muscles and suggested surface EMG electrode positions. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1998;38(1):51-58.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9532434/
Applied to (2):
M. Rectus Abdominis · M. Obliquus Externus Abdominis

Riek & Carson 2000

ADAPTED

Riek S, Carson RG. A new technique for the selective recording of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis EMG. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(4):249-57.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050-6411(00)00017-1
Applied to (1):
M. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus