{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "Dataset",
    "name": "M. Pronator Teres — surface EMG electrode placement",
    "id": "pronator_teres_l",
    "slug": "pronator-teres-l",
    "url": {
        "en": "https://emgguide.de/muscle/pronator-teres-l",
        "de": "https://emgguide.de/de/muscle/pronator-teres-l",
        "viewer3d": "https://emgguide.de/?muscle=pronator_teres_l",
        "json": "https://emgguide.de/muscle/pronator-teres-l.json"
    },
    "names": {
        "latin": "M. Pronator Teres",
        "en": "Pronator Teres",
        "de": "Runder Einwärtsdreher"
    },
    "side": "left",
    "region": {
        "key": "FOREARM",
        "en": "Forearm",
        "de": "Unterarm"
    },
    "placementStandard": "adapted from peer-reviewed literature (see source)",
    "source": {
        "url": "",
        "short": "Criswell 2011",
        "citation": "Criswell E. Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography. 2nd ed. Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2011. ISBN 978-0-7637-3274-5."
    },
    "electrode": {
        "position": {
            "en": "Soft hollow in the middle of the ventral forearm, just distal to the elbow crease; palpate the muscle mass during pronation",
            "de": "Weiche Mulde in der Mitte der ventralen Unterarmseite, direkt distal der Ellenbeuge; Muskelmasse bei Pronation palpieren"
        },
        "orientation": {
            "en": "Oblique, parallel to the muscle fibres, 2 cm inter-electrode distance — crosstalk from brachioradialis, ECR and extensor digitorum possible (quasi-specific site)",
            "de": "Schräg, parallel zum Muskelfaserverlauf, 2 cm Elektrodenabstand — Crosstalk von Brachioradialis, ECR und Ext. digitorum möglich (quasi-spezifischer Site)"
        },
        "sensorRules": "bipolar Ag/AgCl, ≤ 10 mm conductive diameter, 20 mm inter-electrode distance, parallel to fibres, reference electrode on bone (SENIAM)"
    },
    "landmarks": null,
    "anatomy": {
        "function": {
            "en": "Forearm pronation, weak elbow flexion",
            "de": "Pronation des Unterarms, schwache Flexion im Ellenbogen"
        },
        "origin": {
            "en": "Medial epicondyle of the humerus (humeral head), coronoid process of the ulna (ulnar head)",
            "de": "Epicondylus medialis humeri (Caput humerale), Processus coronoideus ulnae (Caput ulnare)"
        },
        "insertion": {
            "en": "Lateral surface of the radius (middle)",
            "de": "Laterale Fläche des Radius (Mitte)"
        },
        "innervation": {
            "en": "Median nerve (lateral cord), C6–C7",
            "de": "N. medianus (Fasciculus lateralis), C6–C7"
        }
    },
    "testMovement": {
        "en": "Forearm pronation against resistance with the elbow flexed to 90°",
        "de": "Pronation des Unterarms gegen Widerstand bei 90° Ellenbogenflexion"
    },
    "placementNotes": {
        "source": "Criswell E. Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography. 2nd ed. Jones & Bartlett; 2011, p. 323",
        "site": "Ventral Forearm (Pronator Teres)",
        "placementType": "quasi-specific",
        "signalCheck": {
            "de": "Unterarm pronieren.",
            "en": "Pronate the forearm."
        },
        "crosstalk": {
            "de": [
                "Flexor carpi radialis",
                "Palmaris longus",
                "Brachioradialis"
            ],
            "en": [
                "flexor carpi radialis",
                "palmaris longus",
                "brachioradialis"
            ]
        },
        "artifacts": null
    },
    "mvcTest": {
        "source": "Konrad P. The ABC of EMG. Noraxon; 2005, p. 31",
        "group": "forearm",
        "en": {
            "position": "Seated or kneeling in front of a bench with the forearm resting on a stable support.",
            "fixation": "Forearm fully supported; wrist free to work against the resistance.",
            "resistance": "Manual resistance, a barbell or a cable/belt against the wrist or hand.",
            "control": "Use the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major tests as control exercises.",
            "note": "Konrad treats the forearm flexors and extensors as one group; wrist flexion for the flexors, wrist extension for the extensors."
        },
        "de": {
            "position": "Sitzend oder kniend vor einer Bank, der Unterarm liegt auf einer stabilen Unterlage.",
            "fixation": "Unterarm vollständig aufgelegt; das Handgelenk arbeitet frei gegen den Widerstand.",
            "resistance": "Manueller Widerstand, Hantelstange oder Seilzug/Gurt gegen Handgelenk oder Hand.",
            "control": "Als Kontrollübungen die Tests für Latissimus dorsi und Pectoralis major mitlaufen lassen.",
            "note": "Konrad fasst Unterarm-Flexoren und -Extensoren als eine Gruppe: Handgelenksflexion für die Flexoren, Handgelenksextension für die Extensoren."
        }
    },
    "measurability": "surface EMG",
    "license": "Free to cite with attribution to emgguide.de. Electrode placements based on SENIAM (Hermens et al. 2000) and the cited literature; not an official SENIAM product; not a substitute for medical advice.",
    "publisher": {
        "name": "EMG Guide (menios GmbH)",
        "url": "https://emgguide.de/"
    },
    "dateModified": "2026-10-21"
}