{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "Dataset",
    "name": "M. Obliquus Externus Abdominis — surface EMG electrode placement",
    "id": "obliquus_externus_l",
    "slug": "obliquus-externus-l",
    "url": {
        "en": "https://emgguide.de/muscle/obliquus-externus-l",
        "de": "https://emgguide.de/de/muscle/obliquus-externus-l",
        "viewer3d": "https://emgguide.de/?muscle=obliquus_externus_l",
        "json": "https://emgguide.de/muscle/obliquus-externus-l.json"
    },
    "names": {
        "latin": "M. Obliquus Externus Abdominis",
        "en": "External Oblique",
        "de": "Äußerer schräger Bauchmuskel"
    },
    "side": "left",
    "region": {
        "key": "TRUNK_ANTERIOR",
        "en": "Trunk Anterior",
        "de": "Rumpf Vorne"
    },
    "placementStandard": "adapted from peer-reviewed literature (see source)",
    "source": {
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9532434/",
        "short": "Ng et al. 1998",
        "citation": "Ng JK-F, Kippers V, Richardson CA. Muscle fibre orientation of abdominal muscles and suggested surface EMG electrode positions. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1998;38(1):51-58."
    },
    "electrode": {
        "position": {
            "en": "Below the lowest rib, 45 degrees to the horizontal",
            "de": "Unterhalb der untersten Rippe, 45° zur Horizontalen"
        },
        "orientation": {
            "en": "Parallel to the muscle fibers (oblique, approx. 45 degrees)",
            "de": "Parallel zu den Muskelfasern (schräg, ca. 45°)"
        },
        "sensorRules": "bipolar Ag/AgCl, ≤ 10 mm conductive diameter, 20 mm inter-electrode distance, parallel to fibres, reference electrode on bone (SENIAM)"
    },
    "landmarks": null,
    "anatomy": {
        "function": {
            "en": "Lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk to the opposite side, spinal flexion, compression of the abdominal cavity",
            "de": "Lateralflexion und Rotation des Rumpfes zur Gegenseite, Flexion der Wirbelsäule, Kompression der Bauchhöhle"
        },
        "origin": {
            "en": "External surfaces of ribs 5-12",
            "de": "Außenflächen der 5.–12. Rippe"
        },
        "insertion": {
            "en": "Linea alba, iliac crest, inguinal ligament",
            "de": "Linea alba, Crista iliaca, Lig. inguinale"
        },
        "innervation": {
            "en": "Intercostal nerves T7–T12",
            "de": "Nn. intercostales T7–T12"
        }
    },
    "testMovement": {
        "en": "Trunk rotation to the opposite side against resistance",
        "de": "Rotation des Oberkörpers zur Gegenseite gegen Widerstand"
    },
    "placementNotes": {
        "source": "Criswell E. Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography. 2nd ed. Jones & Bartlett; 2011, p. 349",
        "site": "External Abdominal Oblique",
        "placementType": "quasi-specific",
        "signalCheck": {
            "de": "Rumpf rotieren; diagonaler Sit-up.",
            "en": "Rotate the torso; diagonal sit-up."
        },
        "crosstalk": {
            "de": [
                "Obliquus internus",
                "Rectus abdominis",
                "Latissimus dorsi",
                "Quadratus lumborum"
            ],
            "en": [
                "internal oblique",
                "rectus abdominis",
                "latissimus dorsi",
                "quadratus lumborum"
            ]
        },
        "artifacts": {
            "de": "Dicke Fettgewebsschicht dämpft das Signal.",
            "en": "A thick adipose layer attenuates the signal."
        }
    },
    "mvcTest": {
        "source": "Konrad P. The ABC of EMG. Noraxon; 2005, p. 32",
        "group": "oblique_external",
        "en": {
            "position": "Side-lying with legs and hips fixed; flex the trunk up and fix it early in the flexed position.",
            "fixation": "Legs and hip fixed with belts or manually.",
            "resistance": "Fixation itself (isometric hold); an added trunk rotation may raise the oblique activity.",
            "control": "The rectus abdominis test is the important check exercise.",
            "note": "Konrad: this test needs good coordinative skill; the obliques may fire higher when rotation is added to the flexion."
        },
        "de": {
            "position": "Seitlage mit fixierten Beinen und Hüfte; Rumpf anheben und früh in der gebeugten Position fixieren.",
            "fixation": "Beine und Hüfte mit Gurten oder manuell fixiert.",
            "resistance": "Die Fixierung selbst (isometrisches Halten); eine zusätzliche Rumpfrotation kann die Aktivität der Obliqui erhöhen.",
            "control": "Der Rectus-abdominis-Test ist die wichtige Kontrollübung.",
            "note": "Konrad: dieser Test braucht gute koordinative Fähigkeiten; die Obliqui feuern oft höher, wenn zur Flexion eine Rotation kommt."
        }
    },
    "measurability": "surface EMG",
    "license": "Free to cite with attribution to emgguide.de. Electrode placements based on SENIAM (Hermens et al. 2000) and the cited literature; not an official SENIAM product; not a substitute for medical advice.",
    "publisher": {
        "name": "EMG Guide (menios GmbH)",
        "url": "https://emgguide.de/"
    },
    "dateModified": "2026-10-21"
}