{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "Dataset",
    "name": "M. Multifidus — surface EMG electrode placement",
    "id": "multifidus_l",
    "slug": "multifidus-l",
    "url": {
        "en": "https://emgguide.de/muscle/multifidus-l",
        "de": "https://emgguide.de/de/muscle/multifidus-l",
        "viewer3d": "https://emgguide.de/?muscle=multifidus_l",
        "json": "https://emgguide.de/muscle/multifidus-l.json"
    },
    "names": {
        "latin": "M. Multifidus",
        "en": "Multifidus",
        "de": "Vielspaltiger Muskel"
    },
    "side": "left",
    "region": {
        "key": "TRUNK_POSTERIOR",
        "en": "Trunk Posterior",
        "de": "Rumpf Hinten"
    },
    "placementStandard": "SENIAM (Hermens et al. 2000)",
    "source": {
        "url": "http://seniam.org/multifidus.html",
        "short": "SENIAM (Hermens 2000)",
        "citation": "Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361-74."
    },
    "electrode": {
        "position": {
            "en": "On the line from the caudal tip of the posterior superior iliac spine to the L1/L2 interspace, at the level of the L5 spinous process - about 2-3 cm from the midline",
            "de": "Auf der Linie vom kaudalen Ende der Spina iliaca posterior superior zum Zwischenraum L1/L2, auf Höhe des Dornfortsatzes L5 - etwa 2-3 cm neben der Mittellinie"
        },
        "orientation": {
            "en": "In the direction of that line; inter-electrode distance max. 20 mm, electrode size max. 10 mm along the fibres",
            "de": "In Richtung dieser Linie; Elektrodenabstand max. 20 mm, Elektrodengröße max. 10 mm in Faserrichtung"
        },
        "sensorRules": "bipolar Ag/AgCl, ≤ 10 mm conductive diameter, 20 mm inter-electrode distance, parallel to fibres, reference electrode on bone (SENIAM)"
    },
    "landmarks": null,
    "anatomy": {
        "function": {
            "en": "Segmental stabilization of the spine, extension and rotation of individual vertebral segments",
            "de": "Segmentale Stabilisation der Wirbelsäule, Extension und Rotation einzelner Wirbelsegmente"
        },
        "origin": {
            "en": "Os sacrum (dorsal), mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae",
            "de": "Os sacrum (dorsal), Proc. mammillares der Lendenwirbel, Proc. transversi der Brustwirbel"
        },
        "insertion": {
            "en": "Spinous processes of the 2-4 vertebrae above",
            "de": "Proc. spinosi der jeweils 2–4 Wirbel kranial"
        },
        "innervation": {
            "en": "Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves at the corresponding level; innervation overlaps one to two segments above and below",
            "de": "Rami dorsales der Spinalnerven des jeweiligen Segments; die Versorgung überlappt ein bis zwei Segmente nach kranial und kaudal"
        }
    },
    "testMovement": {
        "en": "Trunk extension from prone position with slight rotation against resistance",
        "de": "Rumpfextension aus Bauchlage mit leichter Rotation gegen Widerstand"
    },
    "placementNotes": {
        "source": "Criswell E. Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography. 2nd ed. Jones & Bartlett; 2011, p. 342",
        "site": "Low-Back (Erector Spinae) at L-3",
        "placementType": "group",
        "signalCheck": {
            "de": "Rumpf nach vorn beugen und wieder aufrichten.",
            "en": "Forward flexion of the torso and return to midline."
        },
        "crosstalk": {
            "de": [
                "Iliocostalis und Longissimus liegen über dem Multifidus — die Oberflächenableitung trennt sie nicht",
                "Quadratus lumborum",
                "Latissimus dorsi"
            ],
            "en": [
                "iliocostalis and longissimus lie over the multifidus — surface recording does not separate them",
                "quadratus lumborum",
                "latissimus dorsi"
            ]
        },
        "artifacts": {
            "de": "Hautverschiebung bei Flexion/Extension → Elektroden können verrutschen oder abheben; EKG häufig auf der linken Seite.",
            "en": "Skin distortion during flexion/extension → electrodes may slip or pop; ECG common on the left side."
        }
    },
    "mvcTest": {
        "source": "Konrad P. The ABC of EMG. Noraxon; 2005, p. 32",
        "group": "erector_spinae",
        "en": {
            "position": "Prone on a bench, trunk extension (upper body lifted against resistance).",
            "fixation": "Legs and pelvis fixed on the bench.",
            "resistance": "Manual resistance or belt across the upper back, extension against it.",
            "control": "Isolated back extension at a machine as the check exercise.",
            "note": "Konrad: a very productive position — the whole posterior chain is facilitated, so gluteus and hamstring maxima may appear here as well."
        },
        "de": {
            "position": "Bauchlage auf der Bank, Rumpfextension (Oberkörper gegen Widerstand anheben).",
            "fixation": "Beine und Becken auf der Bank fixiert.",
            "resistance": "Manueller Widerstand oder Gurt über dem oberen Rücken, Extension dagegen.",
            "control": "Isolierte Rückenextension am Gerät als Kontrollübung.",
            "note": "Konrad: eine sehr ergiebige Position — die gesamte hintere Kette wird aktiviert, deshalb können hier auch Glutaeus- und Hamstring-Maxima auftreten."
        }
    },
    "measurability": "surface EMG",
    "license": "Free to cite with attribution to emgguide.de. Electrode placements based on SENIAM (Hermens et al. 2000) and the cited literature; not an official SENIAM product; not a substitute for medical advice.",
    "publisher": {
        "name": "EMG Guide (menios GmbH)",
        "url": "https://emgguide.de/"
    },
    "dateModified": "2026-10-21"
}